SINTESIS KRISTALIN SELULOSA BERBAHAN LIMBAH PELEPAH PISANG

Rahmawati, AYU (2025) SINTESIS KRISTALIN SELULOSA BERBAHAN LIMBAH PELEPAH PISANG. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.

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Abstract

Banana pseudo-stem is an agricultural waste containing a high proportion of lignocellulosic components and has significant potential for utilization as a raw material for nanocellulose production. Based on Chesson–Datta analysis, the cellulose content of banana pseudo-stem reaches 80.32%, while hemicellulose and lignin contents are 5.257% and 3.26%, respectively. These results indicate that banana pseudo-stem fulfills the requirements as an environmentally friendly and economically valuable raw material for nanocellulose production. This study aims to synthesize cellulose crystallites (nanocellulose) from banana pseudo-stem waste through chemical processes consisting of delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The delignification process was carried out using 17% NaOH at 100°C for 1.5 hours to remove lignin, followed by bleaching using 10% H₂O₂ for 1.5 hours at varying temperatures of 70–90°C to enhance cellulose purity. The final stage involved acid hydrolysis using H₂SO₄ at concentrations ranging from 10–30% at 45°C for 40 minutes to remove amorphous regions and produce nanocellulose. This study focuses on the effects of bleaching temperature and sulfuric acid concentration on the synthesis yield. The results show that optimum conditions were achieved at a bleaching temperature of 80°C and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10%, producing the highest nanocellulose mass of 2.5606 grams. Crystallinity analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that the nanocellulose crystal diameter ranged from 8.7606 to 24.1241 nm, with an average crystal size of 14.2475 nm. Morphological analysis using SEM–EDX demonstrated irregularly shaped nanocellulose structures with smooth, fibrous surfaces, indicating successful synthesis. In conclusion, banana pseudo-stem waste can be effectively utilized as a nanocellulose raw material that meets the ISO/TS 20477:2017 standard. The applied synthesis process successfully produced nanoscale cellulose with broad potential applications in material industries, biomedical fields, and sustainable technologies.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorYogaswara, Rachmad RamadhanNIDN0022048903UNSPECIFIED
Subjects: T Technology > T Technology (General)
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering
Depositing User: Mahasiswa Ayu Rahmawati Teknik Kimia
Date Deposited: 26 Jan 2026 04:05
Last Modified: 26 Jan 2026 04:05
URI: https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/49048

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