Wibowo, Mohammad Bintang (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Laju Aliran dan Rasio Molar Fosfat dan Ammonium terhadap Efisiensi Penurunan Magnesium dan Massa Pupuk Struvite dari Bittern Menggunakan Fluidized Bed Reactor. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
The salt industry in Indonesia generates a large volume of liquid waste (bittern) with a very high magnesium content that has the potential to pollute coastal environments, but simultaneously can be utilized as a secondary resource through a resource recovery process into a slow-release fertilizer in the form of struvite crystals (MgNH4PO4 6H2O). This study aims to evaluate the performance of a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) in reducing the magnesium concentration in bittern, as well as to analyze the effects of varying flow rates and reactant molar ratios on the precipitation efficiency and the characteristics of the resulting crystal product. Continuous experiments were conducted in the FBR using bittern waste from salt ponds in Blitar (initial magnesium concentration of 45,720 mg/L) by varying the fluid flow rates at 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 L/min, and the molar ratios of (MgNH4PO4 6H2O) at 1:1:1, 1:1.3:1, and 1:1:1.5. Reactor performance was evaluated through the percentage of magnesium concentration reduction in the liquid phase and the gravimetric measurement of physical crystal mass, followed by the characterization of the crystalline phase, morphology, and elemental composition of the precipitate using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) instruments. The test results demonstrated that the FBR could achieve a magnesium removal efficiency of 74.5% to 81.2%, with the best hydrodynamic performance attained at a flow rate of 4.5 L/min. Regarding the reactant composition parameters, the excess ammonium ratio treatment (1:1.3:1) provided the most optimal results, yielding the highest crystal mass of 35 grams. Furthermore, the XRD and SEM-EDX characterization results validated that the 1:1.3:1 ratio successfully produced a precipitate product with high crystallinity, distributed individually without amorphous agglomeration, and displaying the elongated prismatic (rod-like) morphology typical of pure struvite. Keywords: Bittern, Fluidized Bed Reactor, Magnesium, Molar Ratio, Struvite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Environmental Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Mohammad Bintang Wibowo | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 01 Sep 2026 06:42 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 01 Sep 2026 07:00 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/59611 |
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