Septiyana, Rintang Wanda (2026) Optimasi Kapasitas Adsorpsi Karbon Aktif Berbasis Lumpur Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Tersulfurisasi Terhadap Kadmium Dalam Air Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium (Cd), is an environmental concern due to its toxicity and persistence. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for producing sulfurized activated carbon derived from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), characterize the optimized material, and investigate the adsorption kinetics of Cd. Activated carbon was prepared through carbonization at temperatures ranging from 400–800°C, chemical activation using 2.5 M KOH at a sludge-to-KOH ratio of 1:1, and sulfurization using various Na₂S concentrations. Optimization was performed using RSM based on a two-factor Central Composite Design (CCD), with carbonization temperature and Na₂S concentration as independent variables and Cd removal efficiency and yield coefficient as responses. Cd concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while material characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Adsorption kinetics were evaluated using the Pseudo-First-Order (PFO) and Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) models. The optimum conditions were obtained at a carbonization temperature of 712.7°C and an Na₂S concentration of 1.56 M, with predicted Cd removal efficiency and yield coefficient of 90.114% and 66.643%, respectively. Experimental verification resulted in a Cd removal efficiency of 92.37% and a yield coefficient of 68.097%. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups potentially involved in interactions with Cd, while SEM-EDX revealed changes in surface morphology and elemental composition after adsorption. The PSO model provided a better fit than the PFO model, with R² values of 0.9845 and 0.508, respectively, and an adsorption rate constant (k₂) of 1.888 mg/g·min. The optimized sulfurized activated carbon derived from WWTP sludge demonstrates potential as an alternative adsorbent for Cd removal from aqueous solutions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Environmental Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Rintang Wanda Septiyana | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 01 Sep 2026 05:26 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 01 Sep 2026 05:26 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/59538 |
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