KARTIKA, HELEN PUSPA (2026) PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN KATALIS BASA HETEROGEN BERBASIS RUMPUT TEKI (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS). Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
The increasing demand for renewable energy has encouraged the development of biodiesel as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. This study aimed to utilize cogon grass (Cyperus rotundus) ash as a heterogeneous base catalyst in the transesterification process of palm oil into biodiesel. The catalyst was prepared through drying, calcination at 600°C for 2 hours, and sieving to a particle size of 100 mesh. Experimental variables included methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21, as well as catalyst loadings of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt% relative to the oil. The transesterification reaction was conducted at 60°C for 60 minutes with a stirring speed of 600 rpm. Catalyst characterization was carried out using XRF, XRD, BET, and Hammett indicator analyses. XRF results showed that the cogon grass ash contained 44.5% K₂O and 11.5% CaO, both of which function as active basic sites. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline K₂O phases, while BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 89.821 m²/g. Hammett indicator testing indicated a catalyst basicity of 0.5 mmol g⁻¹. The results demonstrated that both the methanol ratio and catalyst loading significantly affected the biodiesel yield. The highest biodiesel yield of 96.32% was obtained using a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 15:1 and a catalyst loading of 7 wt%. The biodiesel produced met the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015), with a density of 0.8611–0.8878 g/cm³, a viscosity of 2.82–3.46 mm²/s, an acid value of 0.205–0.4488 mg KOH/g, and a flash point of 235°C. These findings indicate that cogon grass ash has strong potential as an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Helen Puspa Kartika | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 31 Aug 2026 03:15 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2026 03:15 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/58996 |
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