PRA RENCANA PABRIK ASAM NITRAT DARI AMMONIA DAN OKSIGEN MELALUI PROSES DUPONT OXIDATION DENGAN KATALIS PLATINUM-RHODIUM

FAUZI, GEFIRA ANELIA (2026) PRA RENCANA PABRIK ASAM NITRAT DARI AMMONIA DAN OKSIGEN MELALUI PROSES DUPONT OXIDATION DENGAN KATALIS PLATINUM-RHODIUM. Undergraduate thesis, UPN "VETERAN" JAWA TIMUR.

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Abstract

Nitric acid (HNO₃) is an important inorganic chemical that plays a significant role in various industrial sectors, particularly as a raw material for the production of nitrogen fertilizers, explosives, nitro compounds, metallurgical processes, and numerous other chemical products. The continuous growth of the chemical industry in Indonesia has led to an increasing demand for nitric acid each year. However, the domestic production capacity has not yet been able to satisfy this demand, resulting in a significant reliance on imports. Therefore, the establishment of a nitric acid plant in Indonesia offers promising prospects for meeting domestic demand, reducing dependence on imports, and supporting the growth of the national chemical industry. The proposed plant is scheduled to commence operation in 2030 with a production capacity of 60,000 tons per year and will be located in Bungah District, Gresik Regency, East Java. The plant will operate continuously for 330 days per year and employ a total workforce of 185 employees. Nitric acid will be produced using the DuPont Oxidation Process (Monopressure Process) with ammonia and oxygen as the primary raw materials and Platinum–Rhodium (Pt–Rh) gauze as the catalyst. Liquid ammonia is first vaporized in a vaporizer, while oxygen is compressed to the required operating pressure. Both feed streams are then preheated and mixed before being introduced into a furnace to attain the desired reaction temperature. The gas mixture is subsequently fed into a Fixed-Bed Multitube Reactor operating at 700°C and 8 atm, where ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen monoxide (NO) and water vapor with a conversion of 95%. The heat released from the exothermic reaction is recovered in a Waste Heat Boiler to generate superheated steam, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the process. The reactor effluent is then cooled, and the condensed water is separated before the gas stream enters the Oxidation Chamber, where nitrogen monoxide is further oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). The resulting NO₂ gas is absorbed by water in an Absorber, producing a nitric acid solution with a concentration of approximately 68 wt%. The product solution is subsequently depressurized and cooled to 30°C, after which it is stored in a storage tank as the final product prior to distribution and marketing.

Item Type:

Thesis (Undergraduate)

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