Wahyudi, Muhammad Dwiky (2026) Pengaruh Suhu Reaksi dan Waktu Aging Terhadap Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Berbahan Cangkang Kerang Simping Menggunakan Metode Sol-Gel. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
The synthesis of hydroxyapatite from natural materials is one alternative for meeting the demand for biomaterials while utilizing waste from the shells of the simping clam (Placuna placenta), which are rich in calcium. This study aims to determine the effect of reaction temperature and aging time on hydroxyapatite synthesis using the sol-gel method. The reaction temperatures varied from 45–105°C, and the aging times ranged from 12–36 hours. Synthesis was carried out at pH 11, followed by aging, drying, and sintering at 900°C for 2 hours. The resulting products were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that reaction temperature and aging time influenced the Ca/P ratio and the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite. Optimal conditions were achieved at a reaction temperature of 75°C and an aging time of 36 hours, yielding a Ca/P ratio of 1.6689—which meets the SNI ISO 13779-6:2015 standard—a crystallinity of 97%, and an average crystal size of 51.1 nm. SEM results revealed particle morphologies ranging from semispherical to oval shapes that had undergone agglomeration. This study demonstrates that simping clam shell waste has the potential to be utilized as a raw material for hydroxyapatite synthesis via the sol-gel method.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Muhammad dwiky Wahyudi | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2026 04:37 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 23 Jul 2026 05:49 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/57665 |
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