Solihah, Nur Amilatus and Firdausy, Auliza Rizki (2025) Pembuatan Magnesium Karbonat dari Limbah Cair Industri Garam (Bittern) dengan Metode Karbonasi Langsung. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Magnesium carbonate demand in Indonesia is largely met through imports, which reached nearly 200,000 tons in 2023. Reducing this dependency may be achieved by utilizing waste streams rich in magnesium, such as bittern, a concentrated brine remaining after salt crystallization. Untreated disposal of bittern increases salinity and ion concentrations in aquatic environments, leading to ecological imbalance. This study examines the effects of carbonation time (2–10 min) and CO₂ gas flow rate (500–2500 mL/min) on the formation of magnesium carbonate from bittern using direct carbonation. The process involved pH adjustment, carbonation in a bubble column reactor, and product characterization. Optimum conditions were obtained at a flow rate of 1000 mL/min with a carbonation time of 6 min, yielding crystals with 37.8% MgCO₃ (equivalent to 18% MgO). However, this value remains below the industrial requirement of >40% MgO (ISO 9001:2015), but it can still be utilized as a magnesium additive in cement and fertilizer, where high purity is not required. ANOVA analysis showed that carbonation time and CO₂ flow rate significantly affected yield and pH (p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on MgCO₃ content. SEM analysis revealed spherical layered particles with irregular size distribution. These results demonstrate that direct carbonation of bittern, an abundant yet underutilized by-product in Indonesia, can produce magnesium carbonate, although improvements in pH control, alkali dosage, and post-treatment purification are required for the product to reach industrial-grade quality.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | nur amilatus solihah | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2026 08:10 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2026 08:11 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/52844 |
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