PRAYOGA, FERDIAN WISAM (2026) PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN DAN POSISI PENGELASAN TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO SAMBUNGAN BAJA A36 DENGAN PROSES SMAW. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Non-uniform hardness distribution across welding zones due to variations in welding position and cooling media is a critical issue affecting the structural integrity of welded joints in industrial applications. This study aims to analyze the effect of welding position combinations (1G, 2G, 3G) and cooling media (air, water, cement ash) on the hardness and microstructure of ASTM A36 steel welded joints using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. A total of 27 specimens were welded using E7016 electrodes with 2.6 mm diameter at 80 A current. Brinell hardness testing was conducted on 243 measurement points covering the Weld Metal (WM), Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), and Base Metal (BM) zones, while microstructural analysis was performed using optical microscopy with quantitative analysis of ferrite-pearlite phase proportions using ImageJ software according to ASTM E1245. Three-way ANOVA results indicate that the welding zone is the most dominant factor (83.52%), followed by cooling media (9.56%), and welding position (0.24%). Water cooling media produced the highest WM/BM ratio (1.47–1.50), exceeding the recommended industry threshold, indicating non-uniform hardness distribution across zones that may act as stress concentration points under dynamic loading. In contrast, the combination of 1G or 2G position with air cooling produced a WM/BM ratio of 1.27–1.32 with the smallest hardness gradient across zones, reflecting a more homogeneous mechanical property distribution. Based on the criterion of hardness distribution homogeneity as an indicator of weld joint quality in industrial applications, the combination of 1G or 2G position with air cooling is the most recommended for general structural applications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Mechanical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Ferdian Wisam Prayoga | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 27 Feb 2026 07:58 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 27 Feb 2026 07:58 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/49944 |
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