Noviyana, Nadilla Jelsi (2025) Sintesis Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) dari Limbah Cangkang Telur Bebek menggunakan Metode Sol Gel dengan Pelarut Asam Nitrat. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a crystalline structure composed of phosphorus and calcium elements with the molecular formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. Hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a material for producing bone and dental biomaterials. Duck eggshells are often used as raw materials for hydroxyapatite synthesis. This utilization of waste is due to the high calcium carbonate content in eggshells (up to 98%). This study aims to obtain hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) with characteristics of a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67, a crystal size of 25–30 nm, and a spherical crystal shape, using nitric acid concentration and stirring speed as variables, and to compare the results with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13779:2015. The results showed that the concentration of nitric acid affected the Ca/P molar ratio; the higher the nitric acid concentration, the lower the Ca/P molar ratio, with a Ca/P molar ratio of 4.1599 at a concentration of 0.6 M and a stirring speed of 500 rpm. Stirring speed also influenced the Ca/P molar ratio; the higher the speed, the lower the ratio. The hydroxyapatite crystal size under these conditions was 116.3322 nm with a rough crystal surface.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Nadilla Jelsi Noviyana | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 05 Dec 2025 08:50 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2025 08:50 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/47708 |
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