Junaidi, Sabrina Nayla (2025) LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) OFF GRADE DENGAN KATALIS CaO TERIMPREGNASI (NH₄)₂CO₃. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
This work explores the production of biodiesel from off-grade crude palm oil (CPO) by employing calcium oxide (CaO) modified through impregnation with ammonium carbonate ((NH₄)₂CO₃) as a solid base catalyst. Incorporating ammonium carbonate notably altered the physicochemical characteristics of CaO; the untreated material possessed a surface area of only 8.242 m²/g, whereas the impregnated catalyst reached 96.390 m²/g, supplying a substantially larger number of accessible catalytic sites for transesterification. The biodiesel generated under the tested operating conditions met key fuel quality indicators, with flash points exceeding 180 °C, acid numbers between 0.2 and 0.3 mg KOH/g, and kinematic viscosity values ranging from 3 to 7 mm²/s. The maximum yield, 89.03%, was achieved using 2.5 wt% catalyst and a reaction duration of 3.5 hours. The fuel also exhibited a cetane number above 65, reflecting strong ignition behavior and favourable combustion performance. Overall, the findings show that CaO impregnated with (NH₄)₂CO₃ considerably improves the catalytic efficiency of the transesterification process and allows off-grade, high-FFA CPO to be converted effectively into biodiesel. This approach presents a technically feasible and potentially more cost-effective and sustainable method for producing biodiesel from lower-quality palm oil resources.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Sabrina Nayla Junaidi | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2025 04:42 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 04 Dec 2025 04:42 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/47697 |
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