Herazi, Yesi Nabila Zahro (2025) PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM FOSFAT DARI FLUOROAPATITE MENGGUNAKAN PROSES THERMAL (DRY PROCESS) KAPASITAS 60.000 TON/TAHUN. Undergraduate thesis, UPN "VETERAN" JAWA TIMUR.
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Abstract
The Pre-Plan for this Phosphoric Acid Plant is designed to produce at a capacity of 60,000 tons per year in liquid form. The establishment of this plant is driven by the increasing domestic demand for phosphoric acid, which still relies on imports, particularly for the fertilizer, food, and other industrial sectors. For example, in the fertilizer industry, phosphoric acid is used as the main raw material for producing phosphate fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Additionally, in the food and beverage industry, phosphoric acid is often utilized as an acidity regulator and preservative. This wide range of uses makes phosphoric acid a highly strategic commodity needed globally. With the new plant, it is expected to reduce import dependency and strengthen national industrial independence. In brief, the process description of the phosphoric acid plant is as follows: in the reduction process, fluoroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) along with coke (C) and silica sand (SiO2) are fed into an agglomerator. Inside the agglomerator, agglomeration occurs, where small particles (powders) combine to form larger particles. Water solution acts as a binder to form stable agglomerates, which then require drying before entering the rotary kiln using a rotary dryer at a temperature of 500 °C. The reduction reaction takes place at 1270 °C for 1 hour producing phosphorus (P4), carbon monoxide (CO), and other by-products. In the rotary kiln freeboard, oxidation reactions utilize excess oxygen, generating heat that supports the reduction reaction and thus increases energy efficiency. The kiln's outlet gas is cooled using a Waste Heat Boiler (WHB) to 370 °C; this temperature is chosen because it is above the condensation temperature of P2O5 while reducing the load on the spray tower recirculation for cooling and protecting the cyclone from excessively high temperatures. After passing through the WHB, the gas is cleaned of dust using a cyclone before flowing to the spray tower, where P2O5 reacts with water to form phosphoric acid (H3PO4) with a concentration of 75.6%. The recirculation of phosphoric acid solution in the spray tower and scrubber helps control the temperature below the boiling point and improves product recovery, including aerosol mist commonly formed during the process. The liquid product from the scrubber and spray tower has a purity of 75.6% and is cooled to a storage temperature of 30 °C before leaving the plant.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering | ||||||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | YESI NABILA ZAHRO HERAZI | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 03 Dec 2025 08:24 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 03 Dec 2025 08:46 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/47571 |
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