TINJAUAN YURIDIS STATUS CAKAP HUKUM BAGI AHLI WARIS PENYANDANG DISABILITAS MENTAL PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONTITUSI (MK) NOMOR 93/PUU-XX/2022 (STUDI PERBANDINGAN PENETAPAN PENGADILAN TINGKAT PERTAMA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR)

Lestari, Anin Dwi (2025) TINJAUAN YURIDIS STATUS CAKAP HUKUM BAGI AHLI WARIS PENYANDANG DISABILITAS MENTAL PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONTITUSI (MK) NOMOR 93/PUU-XX/2022 (STUDI PERBANDINGAN PENETAPAN PENGADILAN TINGKAT PERTAMA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR). Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN JAWA TIMUR.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 93/PUU-XX/2022 terhadap pengakuan status cakap hukum penyandang disabilitas mental sebagai ahli waris dan bagaimana penetapan pengadilan tingkat pertama di provinsi Jawa Timur terhadap status cakap hukum penyandang disabilitas mental sebagai ahli waris pra dan pasca putusan tersebut. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari pergeseran norma hukum penyandang disabilitas mental dari paradigma medis ke paradigma hak, yang menuntut pengakuan kesetaraan dan kapasitas penuh sesuai dengan amanat UUD 1945, Konvensi Hak-hak Penyandang Disabilitas, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan menggunakan 3 (tiga) jenis pendekatan yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif hak keperdataan telah terjamin, namun penerapannya di peradilan tingkat pertama masih menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian. Sebagai contoh kasus, penetapan pengadilan merujuk Putusan MK tetapi masih berfokus pada diagnosis medis tanpa upaya memadai untuk melakukan penilaian fungsional dan menyediakan akomodasi yang layak. Pada dasarnya Putusan MK telah menciptakan landasan hukum yang proporsional, tetapi implementasinya memerlukan pedoman pelaksanaan perkara pengampuan serta peningkatan pemahaman hakim terhadap prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia penyandang disabilitas mental untuk mencegah diskriminasi dalam hal pewarisan. This study analyzes the impact of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-XX/2022 on the recognition of the legal capacity status of mentally disabled heirs, and how first-instance court determination in East Java province treated this status both before and after the said decision. The research is motivated by the shift in the legal norm for persons with mental disabilities, moving from a medical paradigm to a human rights paradigm. This shift demands the recognition of equality and full legal capacity, in line with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), and Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. This research employs a normative juridical method utilizing three types of approaches: the statutory approach, the case approach, and the comparative approach. Data was collected through library research and document analysis. The findings indicate that while the civil rights of these individuals are guaranteed normatively, their application in first-instance courts still demonstrates inconsistencies. As a case example, court determination refer to the Constitutional Court Decision but remain focused on medical diagnosis without adequate attempts to conduct a functional assessment and provide reasonable accommodations. Fundamentally, the Constitutional Court Decision has created a proportional legal foundation, but its implementation requires guidelines for guardianship case proceedings and enhanced understanding among judges regarding the human rights principles of persons with mental disabilities to prevent discrimination in inheritance matters.

Item Type:

Thesis (Undergraduate)

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