Fadilah, Muhammad (2025) LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PADA ASAM SULFAT DAN SUHU HIDROLISIS TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MIKROKRISTAL SELULOSA DARI BATANG UBI KAYU. Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN JAWA TIMUR.
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Abstract
This research aims to investigate the effect of sulfuric acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature on the characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from cassava stems. The cassava stem, an agricultural by-product rich in cellulose, was selected as the raw material due to its abundance and low economic value. The experimental process consisted of three main stages: delignification using 25% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), bleaching with 2% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) with varying concentrations of 1.5 N, 2 N, 2.5 N, 3 N, and 3.5 N at temperatures ranging from 60°C to 100°C. The results showed that both the acid concentration and hydrolysis temperature significantly influenced the yield and cellulose content of the resulting MCC. The highest yield (68.24%) and cellulose content (63.07%) were obtained at a sulfuric acid concentration of 1.5 N and a temperature of 60°C. Increasing the acid concentration and temperature caused degradation of cellulose, resulting in lower yields and darker product coloration due to partial carbonization. Characterization tests including organoleptic analysis, Particle Size Analysis (PSA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the produced MCC had a particle size of 25.3 μm, was insoluble in water, odorless, and exhibited crystalline structure consistent with standard pharmaceutical-grade MCC. These findings indicate that cassava stems are a potential alternative raw material for producing microcrystalline cellulose through an environmentally friendly and cost-effective process. The optimal condition was achieved at 1.5 N sulfuric acid concentration and 60°C hydrolysis temperature, resulting in MCC with desirable physical and chemical properties suitable for industrial applications, particularly in pharmaceuticals. Keywords: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Cassava Stem, Sulfuric Acid, Hydrolysis Temperature, Cellulose Characterization
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | muhammad fadilah kastam | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2025 06:53 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 03 Nov 2025 06:53 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/45926 |
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