Rahmandika, Alif Julian Putra (2024) Sintesis Biji Alpukat Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis CaO Dari Cangkang Kerang Darah. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oil containing triglycerides. Biodiesel is increasingly in demand as an alternative energy source to fossil fuel. Biodiesel from avocado seed vegetable oil in Indonesia's agricultural region, where according to BPS 2022 data, Indonesia produces 183,000 tons per year, is a notable example. The extraction of avocado seeds to obtain vegetable oil uses the soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane solvent. The transesterification process uses 97% methanol as a reactant and a heterogeneous base catalyst from calcium oxide (CaO). The preparation of the CaO catalyst is derived from the thermal decomposition (calcination) of blood clam shells found on the Indonesian coast. Blood clam shells contain a high level of calcium carbonate, up to 98.7%, which can be converted into calcium oxide as the catalyst for the reaction. The research variables include temperature variations of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, as well as variations in methanol reactant volume of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ml. The results include extraction yield, CaO catalyst content analyzed using SEM-EDX, density, viscosity, acid number, yield, methyl ester content, and calorific value of the biodiesel using GCMS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The vegetable oil obtained had a yield of 10%. The CaO catalyst content was 98.82%, with spherical morphology and a strong bond. The biodiesel product is a clear yellow liquid, with the best results achieved at a methanol volume of 40 ml and a temperature of 50°C, yielding a methyl ester content of 99.83%, density of 865 g/cm³, viscosity of 2.5 cSt, acid number of 0.56 mgKOH/g, yield of 96%, and a calorific value of 9871.6 kcal/kg. The biodiesel obtained meets the SNI 7182:2015 standard, meeting the minimum requirements for density, viscosity, calorific value, and methyl ester content of at least 96.5%. The higher the triglyceride conversion yield to biodiesel, the higher the methyl ester content obtained.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Alif Julian Putra Rahmandika | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 03 Feb 2025 09:46 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 03 Feb 2025 09:46 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/34527 |
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