Fikri, Muhammad and Rahmandika, Alif Julian Putra (2024) SINTESIS BIJI ALPUKAT MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CaO DARI CANGKANG KERANG DARAH. Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL "VETERAN" JAWA TIMUR.
![[img]](https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (Cover)
20031010119_Cover.pdf Download (1MB) |
|
Text (BAB 1)
20031010119_BAB 1.pdf Download (456kB) |
|
Text (BAB 2)
20031010119_BAB 2.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 September 2026. Download (536kB) |
|
Text (BAB 3)
20031010119_BAB 3.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 September 2026. Download (541kB) |
|
Text (BAB 4)
20031010119_BAB 4.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 September 2026. Download (586kB) |
|
Text (BAB 5)
20031010119_BAB 5.pdf Download (361kB) |
|
Text (DAFTAR PUSTAKA)
20031010119_DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (371kB) |
|
Text (LAMPIRAN)
20031010119_LAMPIRAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB) |
Abstract
Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oil containing triglycerides. The demand for biodiesel is increasing over time as an alternative energy source to fossil fuels. Biodiesel derived from avocado seed oil is produced in agricultural areas of Indonesia, which, according to BPS data in 2022, produces 183,000 tons annually. The extraction of avocado seeds to obtain vegetable oil is done using the Soxhlet method with n-hexane solvent. The transesterification process utilizes 97% methanol as a reactant and heterogeneous base catalyst from calcium oxide (CaO). The CaO catalyst preparation process is achieved through thermal decomposition (calcination) of blood clam shells found along the Indonesian coast. Blood clam shells contain a high calcium carbonate content of 98.7%, which can be converted to calcium oxide to serve as a reaction catalyst. The research variables include temperature variations of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, and variations in methanol reactant volume of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ml. The presented results include extraction yield, CaO catalyst content using SEM-EDX, density, viscosity, acid number, yield, methyl ester content, and calorific value of biodiesel using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The vegetable oil obtained yields 10%. The CaO catalyst contains 98.82% with a spherical and interconnected morphology. The biodiesel product is a clear yellow liquid, with the best results achieved at a volume of 40 ml and a temperature of 50°C, yielding a methyl ester content of 99.83%, a density of 865 g/cm³, a viscosity of 2.5 cSt, an acid number of 0.56 mgKOH/g, a yield of 96%, and a calorific value of 9871.6 kcal/kg. The biodiesel obtained complies with SNI 7182:2015, meeting the standards for density, viscosity, calorific value, and a minimum methyl ester content of 96.5%. The methyl ester content is based on the principle that the higher the yield of triglyceride conversion to biodiesel, the higher the methyl ester content obtained. Keywords: Avocado Seed Oil, Blood Clam Shells, CaO, Methanol, Biodiesel
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contributors: |
|
||||||||
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Fikri | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2024 02:32 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 18 Sep 2024 02:32 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/28658 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |