Maulana, Moh Rifqi (2029) PENELITIAN SINTESIS HYDROXYAPATITE DARI CANGKANG SIPUT DENGAN METODE PRESIPITASI. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a biomaterial with structural and compositional similarities to the minerals found in bones and teeth, making it widely used in the fields of biomedicine and dentistry. This study utilized snail shell waste as a calcium source for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite via the precipitation method. The synthesis involved varying the phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) concentration (0.25–2 M) and heating time (1–3 hours). The snail shells were first calcined at 800°C for 3 hours to convert CaCO₃ into CaO, followed by a precipitation process using H₃PO₄. Process condition optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD). Product characterization was conducted using SEM-EDX, XRF, XRD, and FTIR, as well as density measurements. SEM-EDX results revealed a porous surface morphology for the hydroxyapatite, with calcium and oxygen as the primary constituents. XRF analysis indicated an optimal Ca/P ratio of 1.6716, closely approximating the stoichiometric ratio of hydroxyapatite (1.67). XRD results confirmed the formation of the hydroxyapatite crystalline phase, evidenced by diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 25.9°, 31.7°, and 32.2°. FTIR analysis demonstrated the presence of phosphate (PO₄³⁻) and hydroxyl (OH⁻) groups, supporting the formation of hydroxyapatite. The study results indicate that increasing the H₃PO₄ concentration and heating time influenced the Ca/P ratio. The optimal experimental conditions were achieved at an H₃PO₄ concentration of 1.5 M with a heating time of 2.5–3 hours, yielding a product density of 3.10 g/mL. Overall, snail shell waste can be utilized as a calcium source to produce hydroxyapatite via the precipitation method. Variations in H₃PO₄ concentration and heating time influenced product characteristics—particularly the Ca/P ratio—with the optimal conditions producing a ratio close to the stoichiometric value for hydroxyapatite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Rifqi maulana | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 13 Oct 2026 02:55 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 13 Oct 2026 06:26 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/60618 |
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