Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) Menggunakan Metode Ultrasound Microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE)

KHAQ, DWI NUR ARINAL (2024) Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Bunga Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) Menggunakan Metode Ultrasound Microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE). Undergraduate thesis, UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur.

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Abstract

Clove flowers are a type of dried flower that comes from the Syzygium aromaticum plant, which is also known as cloves. Clove flowers have great potential to be developed into an essential oil commodity. The method of extracting clove essential oil has traditionally relied on conventional methods. The drawback of conventional methods is the long extraction time and the excessive energy consumption, which can reduce the quality of the obtained essential oil. An alternative method for extracting clove essential oil is needed. The Ultrasound Microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE) method has become one such alternative for extracting clove essential oil. UMAE is a combination of ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction techniques designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of essential oil extraction. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of microwave power and extraction time on the yield, density, and color of clove essential oil, to determine the chemical compounds of clove essential oil under optimal conditions, and to compare the Ultrasound Microwave Assisted Extraction process with the conventional Hydrodistillation method. The clove flowers were reduced in size to approximately 0.5 cm and then dried using an oven for 60 minutes at 70 ˚C. The pre-treatment process was conducted for 5 minutes at 40 ˚C with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. After the pre-treatment, the resulting material underwent further extraction assisted by microwave waves with extraction times of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 minutes, and microwave powers of 150, 300, 450, and 600 watts. The results of the study showed that the addition of microwave power and extraction time significantly affected the yield, density, and color of the clove essential oil. The best results for clove essential oil extraction using the Ultrasound Microwave Assisted Extraction method were obtained with a microwave power of 600 watts and an extraction time of 70 minutes, yielding 10.63% with a density of 1.0515 g/ml, and the color of the clove essential oil was yellowish white. The chemical compound content under the best conditions for both the UMAE method and the Hydrodistillation method revealed 19 chemical compounds, with the largest compound being eugenol, at 83.154%.

Item Type:

Thesis (Undergraduate)

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