HAFID, MOCH. AFRIZAL NAFII'U (2026) PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM HUMAT DARI BATUBARA LIGNITE DENGAN PROSES LHAP (LIGNIN EXTRACTION/HUMIC ACID PRESIPITATION) KAPASITAS 50.000 TON/TAHUN. Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL "VETERAN" JAWA TIMUR.
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Abstract
Humic acid is a natural organic compound belonging to the group of humic substances and is widely used as a soil conditioner, a raw material for organic fertilisers, an adsorbent in waste treatment, and a functional material in various industries. Indonesia possesses very abundant reserves of lignite, amounting to approximately 31.95 billion tonnes, with around 75 per cent consisting of low-calorific coal rich in humic compounds. In line with the government’s coal downstreaming programme, the utilisation of lignite as a raw material for humic acid is expected to enhance the added value of mineral resources whilst supporting the needs of the agricultural and industrial sectors. The humic acid plant is designed to utilise lignite as a raw material via the LHAP (Lignite Oxidation–Humic Acid Extraction and Precipitation) process. The process begins with oxidation using H₂O₂, followed by extraction using KOH, and then precipitation using HCl to obtain a humic acid precipitate. The precipitate is separated using RDVF, dried in a rotary dryer, and then stored in silos prior to distribution. The LHAP process was selected because it operates under relatively simple conditions, utilises an environmentally friendly oxidant, and is capable of producing humic acid with high yield and good product quality. The plant is planned to operate continuously with a production capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year. The plant is planned to be located in the Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE), Bontang Utara Sub-district, City of Bontang, East Kalimantan, taking into account the availability of raw materials, utilities, transport facilities, industrial estate infrastructure, and an adequate workforce. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days per year with a workforce of 176 people. The terms for the establishment of the planned humic acid plant can be summarised as follows: 1. Production Capacity: 50,000 tonnes per year 2. Organisational Form: Limited Liability Company 3. Organisational System: Line and Staff 4. Plant Location: in the Kaltim Industrial Estate (KIE), North Bontang, Bontang City, East Kalimantan 5. Operating System: Continuous 6. Operating Time: 330 days 7. Economic Analysis: a. Construction Period = 3 years b. Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) = Rp 698,518,362,360 c. Working Capital Investment (WCI) = Rp 556,567,590,207 d. Total Capital Investment (TCI) = Rp 1,255,085,952,567 e. Raw Material Costs (per year) = Rp 1,510,845,877,261 f. Utility Costs (per year) = Rp 235,992,735,041 g. Sales Revenue = Rp 2,700,000,000,000 h. Bank Loan Interest = 8% i. Rate of Return on Investment (before tax) = 31.07% j. Rate of Return on Investment (after tax) = 23.30% k. Payback Period = 3 years 11 months l. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 19.98% m. Break-even Point (BEP) = 30.14%
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Moch. Afrizal Nafii'u Hafid | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 31 Aug 2026 02:17 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2026 03:56 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/59127 |
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