Dwipayanti, Juvita Retno (2026) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Hidroksiapatit dari Cangkang Kepiting dengan Metode Sol Gel. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite from crab shell waste using the sol-gel method and to investigate the effects of pH and sintering temperature on the resulting product. Crab shells were utilized as a calcium source due to their high CaCO₃ content and potential as an environmentally friendly raw material. pH variations ranging from 7 to 11 and sintering temperatures of 400–800°C were applied during the synthesis process. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite yield ranged from 51–65%. XRF analysis indicated that the optimum condition was obtained at pH 7 and a sintering temperature of 800°C, with a Ca/P ratio of 2.67. This value was still higher than the standard ratio of 1.67, which was presumably caused by the high calcium content and the presence of Mg²⁺ ions. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite however, the product was not completely pure due to the presence of a secondary phase, namely Calcium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate, although several diffraction peaks corresponded to the standard hydroxyapatite pattern. This study demonstrates that crab shell waste has potential as a raw material for hydroxyapatite production through proper control of the synthesis conditions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Juvita Retno | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 31 Aug 2026 03:41 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2026 03:41 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/58800 |
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