SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANO DOTS (CNDs) BASED ON IRON (III) CHLORIDE (FeCl3) FROM EMPTY PALM FRUIT BUNCHES (EPFB) AND WATERMELON RIND FOR BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS

Putriana, Ima (2026) SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANO DOTS (CNDs) BASED ON IRON (III) CHLORIDE (FeCl3) FROM EMPTY PALM FRUIT BUNCHES (EPFB) AND WATERMELON RIND FOR BIOIMAGING APPLICATIONS. Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL "VETERAN"JAWA TIMUR.

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Abstract

Carbon Nano Dots (CNDs) are carbon nanomaterials with a sizde of less than 10 nm that prossess high fluorescence properties, good optical stability, high biocompatibility, and have the potential to be applied as bioimaging materials. This research aims to determine the differences in the characteristics of Carbon Nano Dots (CNDs) synthesized from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches (EPFB) and watermelon rind, as well as to analyze the effect of varying urea mass and FeCl_3 doping on their optical properties. The synthesis was conducted using the microwave method with urea mass variation of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g, followed by the addition of FeCl_3 doping. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis Specroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Photoluminescence (PL). The results of UV-Vis characterization show that watermelon rind-based CNDs have higher absorpbance and absorption capacity compared to EPFB-based CNDs. The watermelon rind sample produced a pure absorbance of 1,4 with an absorption persentage of 96,0%, while the pure EPFB sample produced a pure absorbance of 0,6 with an absorption percentage of 74,9%. PL analysis showes an increase in emission intensity due to the additon of urea and doping with FeCl_3. The fluorescence intensity of the EPFB sample increased from 1201 a.u. in the pure condition to 2627 a.u. after the addition of 1 g of urea and reached 3102 a.u after the FeCl_3 doping process. In the watermelon rind sample, the intensity increased from 47,54 a.u. to 1182 a.u. after the addition of 1 g of urea and reached 4273 a.u. after the FeCl_3 doping. The emission peaks of all samples are in the range of 298 – 300 nm, indicating that the modifications made have a greater impact on the increase in emission intensity rather than the shift in emission wavelength. FTIR characterization shows the presence of oxygen and nitrogenn functional groups on the surface of CNDs and the emergence of an Fe-O bond peak around 504 cm^(-1), indicating the successful in integration of FeCl_3 into the CNDs structure. XRD analysis shows that watermelon rind-based CNDs have a semi-crystalline to amorphous structure with a dominant phase of 60,8%, which increases to 94,5% after the FeCl_3 doping process, while the EPFB sample shows a dominant phase of 100% with the characteristic amorphous nature of nano-carbon materials. SEM results show that watermelon rind-based CNDs have a more homogeneous particle distribution and a lower level of agglomeration compared to EPFB. Overall, the watermelon rind-based CNDs samples with the addition of 3=2 g of urea and FeCl_3 doping exhibited the best optical performance, characterized by high absorbance, the strongest fluorescence intensity, good particle homogeneity, and an amorphous structure suitable for bioimaging applications. Keywords: Carbon Nano Dots, EPFB, Watermelon Rind, Urea, FeCl_3, Photoluminescence, Bioimaging.

Item Type:

Thesis (Undergraduate)

Contributors:

Contribution	Contributors	NIDN/NIDK	Email
Thesis advisor	Fauziyah, Nur Aini	NIDN2458768669230263	nur.aini.fisika@upnjatim.ac.id
Thesis advisor	Hasan, Nailul	NIDN0002018807	nailul.hasan.fisika@upnjatim.ac.id

Subjects:

Q Science > QC Physics

Divisions:

Faculty of Engineering > Physics

Depositing User:

Ima Putriana

Date Deposited:

22 Jul 2026 08:51

Last Modified:

23 Jul 2026 02:05

URI:

https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/57549