Arnindi, Dinda Putri (2026) Pra Rancangan Pabrik Kromium Anhidrida Dari Natrium Dikromat Dihidrat Dan Asam Sulfat Menggunakan Proses Asidifikasi Basah. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Chromium anhydride (CrO₃) is a chemical compound that has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, particularly in electroplating, metal surface treatment, pigment manufacturing, and various other chemical processes. Currently, Indonesia does not have a domestic chromium anhydride manufacturing plant, resulting in the entire national demand being fulfilled through imports. Therefore, the establishment of a chromium anhydride plant in Indonesia is considered highly promising, making the design of a chemical plant with chromium anhydride as the main product necessary. The plant is planned to be established in 2030 with a production capacity of 60,000 tons/year and will be located in the Java Integrated Industrial and Port Estate (JIIPE), Manyar District, Gresik Regency, East Java. The plant will operate continuously for 330 days per year with a total workforce of 252 employees. Chromium anhydride is produced through the wet acidification process using sodium dichromate dihydrate (Na₂Cr₂O₇·2H₂O) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) in the liquid phase. Prior to entering the reactor, sodium dichromate dihydrate is dissolved with water in a dissolving tank at 60°C using a 3:1 water-to-feed ratio. Meanwhile, concentrated sulfuric acid (98 wt%) is diluted to 93 wt% in a dilution tank and subsequently heated to 60°C. Both feed streams are then introduced into a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) operating at 60°C and 1 atm, where the exothermic acidification reaction takes place with a 99% yield. The reactor effluent is transferred to a precipitation tank equipped with a cooling coil operating at 32°C to maximize the crystallization of sodium sulfate as a by-product. The sodium sulfate crystals are separated using the first centrifuge and stored in a silo. The resulting filtrate containing chromium anhydride is then concentrated in a vacuum evaporator operating at 90°C and 0.5 atm to remove part of the water. The concentrated solution is subsequently fed into a crystallizer operating at 35°C and 1 atm to selectively crystallize chromium anhydride. The resulting slurry is separated in a second centrifuge to recover wet chromium anhydride crystals from the mother liquor. Finally, the wet crystals are dried in a rotary dryer at 100°C to obtain dry chromium anhydride crystals, which are stored in a storage tank at 30°C and atmospheric pressure prior to distribution.The planned specifications of the chromium anhydride plant are summarized as follows: Production Capacity: 60,000 Tons/Year; Organization Form: Limited Liability Company; Organizational System: Line and Staff; Plant Location: Java Integrated Industrial and Port Estate (JIIPE), Gresik, East Java; Operating System: Continuous Operation; Operating Time: 330 Days/Year. Economic Evaluation: Construction Period = 3 Years; Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) = Rp 697,294,272,386; Working Capital Investment (WCI) = Rp 647,287,045,672; Total Capital Investment (TCI) = Rp 1,344,581,318,059; Raw Material Cost (per year) = Rp 2,968,607,820,620; Utility Cost (per year) = Rp 304,296,392,117; Total Production Cost (TPC) = Rp 3,883,722,274,035; Bank Loan Interest = 8%; Return on Investment (Before Tax) = 30%; Return on Investment (After Tax) = 23%; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = 18.35%; Pay Out Period (POP) = 2 Years 8 Months; and Break Even Point (BEP) = 33%. Based on the technical, operational, and economic evaluations, the chromium anhydride plant with a production capacity of 60,000 tons/year is considered feasible to be established and has promising prospects for future profitability.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering | ||||||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Dinda Putri Arnindi | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 08:29 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 23 Jul 2026 01:03 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/57401 |
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