Santana, Nandina Salsabila Putri (2026) Assessing Concentration Patterns, Source Apportionment, and Exposure Risks of PFAS in Indoor and Outdoor Dust in Iquitos, Peru. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous threat of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), comparative assessments of their accumulation across contrasting urban microenvironments remain notably scarce in developing Amazonian cities. To bridge this knowledge deficit, the occurrence, emission origins, and exposure hazards of settled dust were systematically evaluated across diverse enclosed facilities and ambient public spaces in Iquitos, Peru. Forty-three particulate samples (29 indoor, 14 outdoor) were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), coupled with advanced receptor modelling. Spatial analysis revealed that interior zones act as heavier pollution sinks dominated by specific fluorotelomers (6:2 diPAP and 8:2 diPAP), whereas exterior environments were heavily characterized by 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), which constituted over half of the ambient analyte mass. Multivariate apportionment leveraging Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) delineated a bifurcated emission landscape. Interior contamination was linked to six complex sources ranging from legacy furniture coatings to modern electronics containing LiTFSI while exterior pollution was driven by three primary factors: industrial surfactant runoff, vehicle-related abrasion, and waste degradation. Furthermore, toxicological modelling highlighted severe pediatric vulnerabilities in both settings, with Hazard Quotients for specific compounds (such as PFOA indoors and 6:2 FTCA outdoors) exponentially exceeding safe thresholds. Ultimately, this dual-matrix investigation provides foundational evidence of pervasive fluorinated contamination in the region, demonstrating that both internal infrastructures and external high-traffic zones serve as critical repositories requiring targeted regulatory action.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Environmental Engineering | ||||||||
| Depositing User: | Nandina Salsabila P.S. | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2026 07:04 | ||||||||
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2026 08:01 | ||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/52885 |
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