Lumbanraja, Teodora Merry Meriba Vica Juliana (2026) SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GREEN HYBRID MATERIAL NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE- TITANIUM DIOKSIDA DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) represent an abundant lignocellulosic biomass waste from the palm oil industry that poses significant environmental challenges if left unmanaged. However, its high cellulose content (45.87%) makes it a highly potential raw material for synthesizing Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC). This study aims to synthesize NCC from OPEFB waste and utilize it as a functional green hybrid material (support matrix) for Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalysts to overcome the particle agglomeration typically associated with commercial TiO2. The isolation of NCC was achieved through two sequential chemical treatments: alkali delignification using a Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 110°C for 90 minutes to remove the lignin fractions, followed by acid hydrolysis using a Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) solution at 25°C for 120 minutes to dissolve the amorphous regions of the cellulose. The NCC-TiO_2 nanocomposites were subsequently synthesized via the wet impregnation method, varying the NCC-to-TiO2 mass ratios (10%–50%) and stirring durations (20–100 minutes), and optimized using a Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Raw material characterization indicated that the initial OPEFB fibers contained 45.87% cellulose, 8.69% hemicellulose, and 19.08% lignin, yielding an isolated crystalline NCC content of 43.78%. RSM modeling demonstrated that increasing the NCC mass ratio and extending the stirring duration were directly proportional to the increase in the final nanocomposite product mass. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the interfacial interactions, revealing a clear widening and shifting of the hydroxyl (–OH) stretching vibration band to 3414-1, which confirms hydrogen bonding between the crystalline NCC matrix and the oxygen atoms of TiO2. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphology imaging demonstrated that the elongated, interconnected network structure of the NCC fibers successfully acted as a stable support matrix, ensuring an even distribution of TiO2 particles and effectively preventing photocatalyst agglomeration. The optimum operating conditions were established at an NCC-to-TiO2 ratio of 50% with a synthesis time of 100 minutes, producing 8.8975 grams of final nanocomposite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Departement of Chemical Engineering | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Teodora Merry Lumban Raja | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2026 02:28 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2026 02:46 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/52599 |
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