Kuswanto, Salwa Masahida Cahaya (2025) OPTIMASI PROSES PENURUNAN KALIUM DAN NATRIUM DARI SABUT KELAPA UNTUK BRIKET STANDAR BAHAN BAKAR. Undergraduate thesis, UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur.
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Abstract
Coconut husk is an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia with great potential as an alternative fuel in the form of briquettes. However, its high content of alkali metals such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K) presents a major challenge, as these elements can cause fouling, slagging, and increased ash content during combustion, which negatively affects the efficiency and reliability of boiler systems. Therefore, an effective pretreatment method is required to reduce alkali metal content before the coconut husk is utilized as a solid fuel. This study aims to optimize the removal process of Na and K from coconut husk through immersion in acetic acid solution using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. The independent variables were solution concentration (0–4%) and immersion time (30–360 minutes), designed using a Central Composite Design (CCD). Data analysis was performed using Design-Expert version 13 software, including ANOVA, regression testing, model validation through four residual plots, and multi-response optimization using the desirability function. The regression model for sodium was highly significant (p < 0.0001; R² = 98.14%; predicted R² = 91.28%), while the potassium model was also significant (p = 0.0001; R² = 95.52%; predicted R² = 60.10%). The optimization results indicated the best conditions at a concentration of 1.325% and an immersion time of 359.8 minutes, yielding actual sodium and potassium contents of 0.0049 mg/g and 0.5191 mg/g, respectively. These values closely matched the model predictions, with deviations of less than 5%, demonstrating good model accuracy. The briquettes produced under optimum conditions exhibited competitive combustion characteristics, with a calorific value of 5982.4 cal/g, ash content of 4.59%, and moisture content of 8.31%, all meeting or approaching SNI and Coford quality standards. Therefore, acetic acid pretreatment proved effective in reducing alkali metal content and enhancing the quality of biomass briquettes as an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative fuel. Keywords: coconut husk, sodium, potassium, acetic acid, RSM, fouling, slagging, desirability function.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Salwa Masahida Kuswanto | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2025 02:15 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 03 Nov 2025 02:15 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | https://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/id/eprint/45747 |
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