Improving the Quality of Bio-oil from Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis to Organic Lubricant Standards

Wiraya, Wira Arta (2025) Improving the Quality of Bio-oil from Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis to Organic Lubricant Standards. Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur.

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Abstract

Palm kernel shells are biomass waste that has the potential to be processed into bio oil through pyrolysis, but its quality needs to be improved to meet organic lubricant standards. This study aims to improve the quality of bio-oil through a transesterification process with activated carbon-NaOH catalyst and the addition of guar gum as a thickening agent. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300 °C for 60 minutes, and transesterification at a temperature of 6 0°C for 2 hours with a methanol:bio-oil ratio of 6:1. The results showed that increasing the amount of catalyst up to 10% increased the yield of methyl ester, while the addition of guar gum increased the kinematic viscosity to 7.9 cst, approaching commercial lubricant standards such as top 1 Evo 5W-30 and pertamina fastron gold 5W-30. However, the flash point is still lower than industrial lubricants. Thus, the quality of bio-oil from palm kernel shell pyrolysis can be improved to approach organic lubricant standards, making it a more environmentally friendly alternative lubricant and has the potential for industrial applications.

Item Type:

Thesis (Undergraduate)

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